Naomi Baes
Naomi Baes

PhD Candidate | NLP · Computational Social Science · Psychology

About Me

I am an NLP and computational social science researcher studying how meanings and concepts change across time, domains, and communities. My work combines historical text corpora, contextual embeddings, lexical resources, statistical modeling, and large language models to study semantic and conceptual change in mental health language, media discourse, and socially contested language. I led the development of SIBling, a framework for modeling semantic change across the dimensions of Sentiment, Intensity, and Breadth, and LSC-Eval, a benchmarking framework for evaluating methods for detecting lexical semantic change using synthetic historical data. More broadly, I am interested in language change and variation, conceptual change, mental health discourse, human–LLM evaluation, and computational approaches to culturally important questions.

CV
Interests
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Computational Social Science
  • Language Change
  • Natural Language Processing
  • Psychology
Education
  • PhD, Psychology/ Natural Language Processing

    University of Melbourne (2023-)

  • Graduate Diploma in Psychology (Advanced) with Honours

    University of Melbourne

Research Program

Broadly, my research uses computational methods to study how meanings and concepts change over time, and how those shifts reflect wider cultural and social dynamics. At the intersection of NLP, computational social science, and psychology, I develop theory-informed approaches for tracing semantic and conceptual change in historical text corpora using contextual embeddings, large language models, lexical resources, and statistical modeling. My current work focuses especially on mental health language, media discourse, and socially contested language.

Research themes

Semantic and conceptual change
Methods for studying how meanings shift across time, including multidimensional approaches to lexical semantic change and synthetic benchmarks for method evaluation.
Key work: SIBling, LSC-Eval, Schizophrenia WSD.

Mental health language and media discourse
Applications to mental-health concepts and terminology, examining how meanings and representations shift across psychology, news media, books, and everyday language.
Key work: trauma, schizophrenia, ADHD, anxiety/depression, and generic mental-health terminology papers.

Meaning representations in humans and language models
Benchmarking how humans and language models represent word meanings, senses, connotation, denotation, valence, and arousal.
Key work: SenseRel, LSC-Eval.

Socially contested language
Computational social science work on evaluative, dehumanizing, identity-related, and contested language in online and public discourse.
Key work: ICWSM dehumanization paper, mental-health stigma benchmark, identity/person-first language paper, and common-good work.

Featured Publications
Selected Publications
(2026). Sense Rel: A Sense-Level Benchmark for Denotational and Connotational Meaning Relations. ACL 2026.
(2024). A Multidimensional Framework for Evaluating Lexical Semantic Change with Social Science Applications. Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics.
Invited Talks
Recent News

Academic Conferences

Grateful to have presented and participated at international conferences, workshops, and research events.

Google Research @ Sydney Event

Honoured to have been selected to attend the Google Research @ Sydney Event at the first Google research facility in Australia.

Highlights
  • New sense-tracking pipeline for estimating the prevalence of word senses in historical text corpora: link

  • Delighted to share my PhD research at (1) the Change is Key! conference in Gothenburg (Sweden), (2) University of Utrecht (Netherlands), (3) National Research Council Canada, (4) the Mental Health PhD Program Conference!, and (5) The LChange'26 Workshop, colocated with EACL.

  • 5 Aug – 30 Sept 2025Interned at Change is Key!. The program develops computational tools to trace how language, society, and culture evolve, applying NLP and corpus methods to study semantic change and variation across linguistics, digital humanities, and the social sciences.

  • Corpus data and scripts publicly available — see Resources tab.