Naomi Baes
Naomi Baes

Postdoctoral Researcher | Computational Social Science & NLP

I study how language reflects changing understandings of social groups and public issues. My work brings together natural language processing, computational social science, and social psychology to investigate changes in meaning, framing, and social evaluation.

I am a postdoctoral researcher in Prof. Lea Frermann's Cognition and Communication Lab at the University of Tübingen, where I am developing research on how frames and social representations change over time — and what such shifts reveal about wider cultural and psychological change.

I received my PhD from the University of Melbourne in 2026, where I led the development of SIBling and LSC-Eval, methods for measuring and evaluating lexical semantic change. I also co-developed SenseRel, a benchmark for relations between word senses, and work on mental health language, stigma, identity, and dehumanization.

Interests
  • Language & Cultural Change
  • Diachronic Framing
  • Lexical Semantic Change
  • Computational Social Science
  • Mental Health & Stigma
Education
  • PhD, Social Psychology & Natural Language Processing

    University of Melbourne

  • Graduate Diploma in Psychology (Advanced) with Honours

    University of Melbourne

Research

How do societies change their interpretations of people, groups, and public issues? I use computational methods and social-psychological theory to study the language through which these interpretations are expressed. My research spans three connected areas:

  • Language, framing, and cultural change. I am developing research on how meaning and framing in public discourse change over time, and how these changes relate to broader social and cultural processes.
  • Methods for studying meaning change. I develop interpretable NLP methods and evaluation benchmarks to distinguish changes in semantic sentiment, intensity, breadth, and relations between word senses.
  • Social and psychological applications. I analyse mental health language, stigma, identity terminology, and dehumanization in historical text corpora and online communities, linking computational measurements to social psychological constructs.

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Selected contributions
  • SIBling (ACL 2024). Lead author of a framework for tracing semantic change across Sentiment, Intensity, and Breadth. Paper · Code
  • LSC-Eval (Findings of ACL 2025). Lead author of an evaluation framework using LLM-generated diachronic corpora to test what kinds of semantic change computational methods can detect. Paper · Code
  • SenseRel (ACL 2026). Joint first author of a benchmark for denotational and connotational relations between word senses, including evaluative meaning. Paper
  • Social meaning in public discourse (2026). Lead author of dehumanization research in incel discourse (ICWSM); joint first author of historical identity-first and person-first language research (PLOS Mental Health) and a benchmark for evaluating mental health stigma (accepted at AACL-IJCNLP).
  • Research community. Program Chair of LChange'26 and Australian English co-lead for SemEval 2026 Task 7, alongside programme-committee and peer-review service.

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